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Piston Ring Handbook
Contents
Preface
Contents
General Principles
Nomenclature
Piston Ring Functions and Operation
Theoretical Relationships
Contact Pressure
Tangential Force
Diametral Force
Closure Stress
Piston Ring Parameter
Opening Stress
Modulus of Elasticity
Conformability
Radial Pressure Distribution
Piston Ring Types
Compression Rings
Scraper Rings
Oil Control Rings
Single-Piece Oil Control Rings
Multi-Piece Oil Control Rings
•
Two-Piece Oil Control Rings
•
Three-Piece Oil Control Rings
Ring Joints
Joint Notches
Operational Criteria and Malfunctions
Engine Operation
Oil Consumption
Blowby
Exhaust Emissions
Tribology
Wear
Scuffing
Microwelding
Friction
Malfunctions
Ring Sticking
Ring Flutter
Ring Breaking
Piston Ring Materials
Wear-Resistant Peripheral Coatings
Chromium Plated Peripheries
Thermal Spray Coatings
PVD Coatings
Nitriding and Nitrocarburizing
Surface Treatments
Tin and Copper Plating
Phosphating
Black Oxiding
CPS and CPG
Ring Side Armouring
Chromium Plating
Nitriding
Piston Ring Manufacture
Application Experience
Examples of Typical Ring Packs
Design Potential for Performance Optimization
References
Appendix
Wear Measurement in the Cylinder / Piston Ring System
Material Specifications
Piston Rings and Piston Ring Elements
•
Cast Iron Materials, Automotive and Large Bore Engine Applications
•
Cast Iron Materials, Large Bore Engine Applications
Piston Rings and Piston Ring Elements - Steels
Coatings
Testing Instructions
Overview of the Current International Piston Ring Standards
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